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Breast Cancer Progression and Staging - Medical Animation

 

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Breast Cancer Progression and Staging - Medical Animation
MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: The staging of breast cancer refers to the extent of the disease. The cancer stage is based on several factors, including the size of the tumor, if any lymph nodes are involved, if the cancer is invasive or non-invasive, and if the cancer has spread to areas beyond the breast. Stage 0 is considered a non-invasive breast cancer. In this there is no evidence that the cancer cells have spread into neighboring breast tissue beyond the duct or lobule. Stage I is considered an early stage of invasive breast cancer. When measured the tumor is no more than two centimeters in diameter, and there is no evidence that the cancer cells have spread beyond the breast. Stage II is divided into subcategories of IIA and IIB. Stage IIA is invasive breast cancer where the tumor is either a maximum of two centimeters in diameter and has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm, or the tumors between two and five centimeters in diameter but has not spread to any lymph nodes. Stage IIB is a little different in that the tumor is either between two and five centimeters and has spread to underarm lymph nodes. Or the tumor is larger than five centimeters but has not spread to the underarm lymph nodes. Stage III is considered a locally advanced cancer and it is also divided into subcategories of IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC. There are two main scenarios that can occur with stage IIIA breast cancer. One, where the tumor is larger than five centimeters in diameter but it has spread to underarm lymph nodes that are growing into each other forming clumps. The cancer may also have spread to the lymph nodes near the breastbone. The second scenario for stage IIIA is very similar with the exception that the tumor is larger than five centimeters in diameter, and that the underarm lymph nodes are not adhered to one another or other tissues. Unlike the other stages, in stage IIIB the tumor may be any size and has spread into the skin of the breast or chest wall. This stage may also include lumps in the skin of the breast or swelling of the breast. In stage IIIC the tumor may also be of any size but it has also spread to lymph node areas above or below the clavicle, the chest wall, and/or the skin of the breast. Stage IV is considered distant metastatic cancer, meaning the cancer has spread to other organs and parts of the body.

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"I thought you might want to know that after we sent a copy of your illustration to the defendants, with a copy to the insurance company, they increased their offer by an additional million dollars and the case was settled for $1,900,000.00.

I appreciate your help!"

O. Fayrell Furr, Jr.
Furr, Henshaw & Ohanesian
Myrtle Beach, SC
www.scmedicalmalpractice.com

"The illustrations have consistently been well documented, accurate and timely. Most important though is that the illustrations demonstrate to juries and claims people the persuasive power of visual communication. Our firm has achieved multiple eight figure settlements and verdicts over the past ten years... Medical Legal Art has been there with us on every case."

Thomas C. Jones
Davis, Bethune & Jones, L.L.C.
Kansas City, MO
www.dbjlaw.net

"Medical illustrations are essential during trial for any medical malpractice case. The people at MLA have the uncanny ability of creating medical illustrations that simplify the most complex of medical concepts and human anatomy to a lay audience. The exhibits of MLA allow experts to easily describe complex concepts and human anatomy in a manner that could not be done otherwise.

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I would not want to try a case without them."

Lambros Y. Lambrou
McHUGH & LAMBROU, LLP
New York, NY

"It is my experience that it's much more effective to show a jury what happened than simply to tell a jury what happened. In this day and age where people are used to getting information visually, through television and other visual media, I would be at a disadvantage using only words.

I teach a Litigation Process class at the University of Baltimore Law Schooland use [Medical Legal Art's] animation in my class. Students always saythat they never really understood what happened to [to my client] until theysaw the animation.

Animations are powerful communication tools that should be used wheneverpossible to persuade juries."

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Snyder Slutkin & Kopec
Baltimore, MD












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